What is adsorption?

Adsorption is defined as the process by which molecules adhere to a surface. This phenomenon involves the accumulation of substances (atoms, ions, or molecules) at the interface between a solid and a liquid or gas. The key aspect of adsorption is that it refers specifically to the action of particles binding to a surface without penetrating into the solid's bulk. This distinguishes it from other processes such as absorption, where a substance becomes integrated within the volume of another material.

In the context of water treatment, adsorption plays a significant role. For example, activated carbon is commonly used because it can effectively adsorb contaminants from water, improving its quality. Understanding the mechanics of adsorption is crucial for designing effective water treatment systems, as it informs decisions about selecting adsorbent materials and optimizing conditions for contaminant removal.